Sorghum is the second most important cereal after maize with 22% of total cereal area. Broad guidelines of the following aspects and forage crops are discussed in this manual. However, receding corn prices are causing farmers in these areas to reconsider sorghum, another grass crop thats grown worldwide. Notill sorghum crops following winter cereals consistently yield 0. Select the area you want to crop and choose crop to selection if you want to manually select the part of the document you want to crop. Within most developing countries, the sorghum crop rarely reaches the market. Facet l herbicide also tank mixes well with other sorghum herbicides and is recommended in mixtures with 2,4d, atrazine, and clarity herbicide just to name a few. The objectives of the study were to assess the genetic diversity and relationship among the us sweet sorghum cultivars and lines using ssr markers and to examine the genetic variability within sweet sorghum accessions for sugar content. With late crops, midge will need to be managed by selecting midge4 n moore, l serafin, l jenkins 2014 grain sorghum.
Facet l herbicide also tank mixes well with other sorghum herbicides and is recommended in mixtures with 2,4d, atrazine, and. Grain sorghum can be grown on many different soils. It is essential that producers know the crop they are cultivating in order to develop the most effective production practices. General adaptation grain sorghum is grown chief ly in the great plains, where most of the tionrainfall occurs during the growing season. This value represents the estimated total production of silage sorghum in the county divided by the. With the increased susceptibility to sca of later planted doublecrop sorghum, many of those acres were lost in previous years. Sorghum is among the most efficient crops in conversion of solar energy and use of water, and is very drought tolerant. This document is intended to provide background information on the biology of cultivated sorghum bicolor, its identity, geographical distribution, reproductive biology and ecology, related species, the potential for gene introgression from s. First, identify the change in the et rate across the horizontal row and then identify the current growth stage in the left column. Development of sorghum and millet production systems in. However, it is quite tolerant of shallow soil and droughty conditions. County average yield the estimate of the average productivity per acre of silage sorghum for a previous crop year contained in the actuarial documents. Sorghum hi of 45 to 50, that is with grain 45 to 50% of aboveground dry wt, is desired often less with stress during pollination and grain fill for example, hi of crop water use by growth stage grain sorghum.
Crop removal the next step calculate crop removal depending on overunder applications after crop removal, soil test levels will change. Scott stewart, professor, department of entomology and plant pathology angela mcclure, associate professor, department of plant sciences. N ratio cover crop that might include corn, sorghum, sunflower, or millet can provide soil cover after a low residue, low c. Sorghum facet l herbicide can be applied preplant 22 fl ozacre or as a postemergence application to up to 12 inch tall sorghum 22 to 32 fl ozacre. Sorghum in the maradi region of niger from 2005 to 2010 in the early years of the introduction of the sepon 82 in the maradi region, the program flourished. A potential forage and biomass crop in north dakota marisol berti dept. Harvested from an area of 20 m ha in the semiarid regions of africa pearl millet contributes. More tolerant to alkali or salty soils than corn high seedling. Grain sorghum is planted under dryland and irrigated conditions. Sorghum is known as a highenergy, droughttolerant crop. More than 80 % of the global sorghum area is characterized by low yield levels contributing to slightly above half of total grain output whereas the rest comes from the developed world with high yield levels. Due to abnormal conditions at traditional planting periods, the number of doublecrop sorghum acres began to rise. Sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and barley. Row crop realistic yield potential crop yield units realistic yieldsacre corn grain bushels 100250 corn silage wet tons 1218 cotton bales peanuts lbs 3,200 rice bushels 144 164 sorghum grain bushels 80 140 sorghum silage wet tons 1218 soybeans bushels 2555 sweet potatoes cwt a 150160.
Grain sorghum performance trials in oklahoma oklahoma. Information from the cgsrvp fields is used to improve and refine recommendations to meet the needs of arkansas grain sorghum farmers and identify areas which need additional research. The crop profilepmsp database, including this document, is supported by usda nifa. Selection of grain sorghum hybrids veteran sorghum producers remember going. A potential forage and biomass crop in north dakota. Row crop realistic yield potential crop yield units realistic yieldsacre corn grain bushels 100250 corn silage wet tons 1218 cotton bales peanuts lbs 3,200 rice bushels 144 164 sorghum grain bushels 80 140 sorghum silage wet tons 1218 soybeans bushels 2555 sweet potatoes cwt a. The second highest sorghum production this year was due to the second highest. Understanding sorghum yield components grain number is the main yield component highly associated with the final sorghum yield. The main importers of sorghum are japan, mexico, the former ussr cis and venezuela. On a one crop basis,sweet sorghum outproduces sugarcane because sweet sorghum matures within 100 to 120 days,while it takes the first sugarcane crop one year to mature. The amount of n credit varies with crop, stand, yield, and other factors. Medium to heavy soils and relatively high rainfall allows this area to consistently produce significant sorghum yields.
Topdress or sidedress the remaining 70% of the k fertil izer when the crop reaches 1824 inches approximately 46 weeks after planting. A few years ago, high corn prices pushed this widely grown grass crop into traditional sorghum growing areas. It also finds a place in the highinput commercial farming sector as a feed crop, and is fast emerging as a biofuel crop. In the last 30 yrs, planting date was reduced 8 days from june, 14th 1981 to may 27th 2012 2018 western sorghum schools l. Forage sorghum for rop rotationforage sorghum can be a good crop to use in rotations to break insect and disease cycles compared to continuous corn. Root system the roots o f the sorghum plant can be divided into a primary and secondary root system. Pearl millet is a climate hardy crop which is grown in harsh conditions, but as a subsistence crop. Grain sorghum performance trials in oklahoma oklahoma state.
Moench is a crop indigenous to africa, where it appears to have been domesticated in ethiopia about 5 000 years ago. All pages in the processed documents will be cropped equally. To manage the sorghum crop for maximum production, the producer must understand how the plant grows and develops and what factors affect its growth, development, and nutrient. N, p, zn, and k have reliable soil tests to measure nutrient availability and predict fertilizer needs. If corns high input costs make you queasy, another grass crop exists that might fit some of your acres. Assessment of genetic diversity and relationship among a. It is a crop that can withstand substantial water shortage and produce acceptable yields as long as the growing season is favorable for its maturity. Economic information is collected on each cgsrvp field to estimate crop expenditures and returns. Here are four sorghum facts, courtesy of the donald danforth plant science center in st. Choose autocrop to trim all the white margins automatically. Although welladapted to indiana climate and soils, grain sorghum is a minor crop in the state. Important aspects regarding the establishment of fine seed forage crops.
Fertile, welldrained soils are important to optimize. Pdf forage sorghum, the crop and its uses researchgate. According to the national sorghum producers, grain sorghum. Loamy soil sorghum can be grown successfully on clay, clay loam, or sandy loam soils. Understanding carbon to nitrogen ratios of crop residues. Also on a volume basis,sweet sorghum has higher sugar content compared with sugarcane. The crop is planted at the beginning of the wet period and harvested. Demand for sorghum and pearl millet as major food, feed and fodder crop continues to increase globally. Broadcast and subsequent mechanica l incorporation of the sorghum seed is not allowed. It is grown for home consumption unless there is a bumper crop, or if cash is needed. Pdf sorghum is a staple food crop for millions of poor people in the semiarid tropics of africa and asia. Sorghum is a versatile, multiuse crop well suited for kansas. The 2016 colorado grain sorghum crop is estimated at 19. United states department of agriculture silage sorghum.
Grain sorghum information purdue university agronomy extension. Since purdue has conducted relatively little agronomic research on this crop, links are provided to grain sorghum information from other states where the crop is grown more widely. A more detailed explanation of sorghumplant growth may be found in how a sorghum plant develops, kstate research and extension publication s3. Factors that play a role in the choice of a forage crop. This region produces 9% of the states total sorghum crop. Fe and zinc are the micronutrient most likely to be deficient in kansas for sorghum. Narrow row grain sorghum production in kansas pdf format. Grain sorghum fertility management kansas state university. It is the dietary staple of more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries. Although a perennial plant by nature, grain sorghum is customarily grown as an annual crop. The 2015 and 2016 sorghum crops are the first and second largest crops in the past 10 years, respectively. Sorghum days after march 31st sorghum planting dates.
Cotton, soybean, field corn, sorghum, wheat and pasture. The spreadsheet uses the same format as the budgets contained in the pdf documents. University of missouri extension southeast missouri crop. Sorghum a grain, forage or sugar crop is among the most efficient crops in conversion of solar energy and use of water. It also tolerates a range of soil acidity from ph 5. This sorghum hybrid emphasis has been the focus of the national programs in mali and burkina faso with agra financing and icrisat research support over the last five years. Sorghum is a widely adaptable species that is cultivated as an annual cereal and forage crop in tropical, subtropical and. Moench is the crop for grain for human and animal consumption. For example, corn rootworm larvae cannot survive on sorghum roots, so sorghum after corn can reduce the need for insecticide. Wheat yield 60 bua, sorghum yield 110 buac stp 22 ppm, p 2 o 5 applied during seeding 30 lba wheat removal 60. The plants ability to produce the flag leaf sheath and is supported by the portion respectable yields under adverse growing conditions of the stalk called the peduncle.
The goal is to obtain an optimal stand of healthy and actively growing cotton that initiates squaring 35 45 days after planting. This document describes the biology of sorghum bicolor l. The major producers of sorghum for domestic or foreign trade are the usa, argentina and australia. Grain sorghum information purdue university agronomy.
Windows doubleclick the zip folder, click extract, click extract all, and click extract when prompted to unzip the folder. Sorghum will yield best on deep, fertile, welldrained loamy soils. Moench is a widely adapted sugar crop with high potential for bioenergy and ethanol production. Sorghum grows on a wide range of soils from light loams to heavy clays, but it thrives in light sandy soils kimber 2000. The improved sorghum variety, trend and economic performance i. This chart can be used with readings from an etgage or other et reference. Doublecrop sorghum was a vital part of the states acres prior to the sugarcane aphid sca. It is now widely cultivated in dry areas of africa, asia, the americas, europe and australia between latitudes of.
A farmer is wise to consider the value of this n when determining his n fertilizer program for successive crops such as corn, sorghum, and wheat. Sweet varieties of sorghum are being used as a bioenergy crop. Vanderlip sorghums importance as a feed grain has increased in the u. Development of sorghum and millet production systems in mali. N ratio crop such as pea or soybean, yet decompose during the next growing season to make nutrients available to the following crop. North dakota acreage 2010 forage sorghum sudan grass corn silage 20,7 12,160,266. N ration compared to crops such as corn, sorghum and wheat. Keeping signed records is the best way to document. Alphabetical list of crops with botanical name and crop code crop name botanical name icc code previous code 1 abaca manila hemp musa textilis 92 2. The 2012 colorado grain sorghum crop was estimated at 3. Producers were able to increase their sorghum yields considerably by cultivating sepon 82. Cooperative extension service, university of arkansas grain sorghum production.
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